Knowledge of the sound system
Knowing language means knowing what sounds are and what sounds are not in that language. This is also unconciuous knowledge that is revealed by way speakers of one language pronounce words from other language. For example, if you speak Sundanese as your mother tongue, so you will find difficulties in pronouncing the sounds f, and v. Thus when you have to pronounce the words vini,vidi,vici and por. They need to practice to get used to pronounce those words in the right way.
The same thing happened when the native speakers of English, they may substitute an english sound for a non-English sound when they have to pronounce "foreign" words. This is a goog example, the word Bach in German language. The sound that is represented by the letters ch is not an english sound. Therefore, most english speakers pronounces the word "Bach" with a final k sound. In reverse, if they pronounce it as the Germans do, it means that they are using a sound outside the English sound system.
Another example : when french speak English, They often pronouncewords like this and that as if they were spelled zis and zat. The english represented by the initial letter this mispronounciation reveals the speakers' unconcious knowledge of this fact.
Moreover, some involuntary cries, are restricted by our own language system, and the filled pauses that sprinkled through conversational speech-like er or uh or you know in English, euleuh...euleuh in sundanese-contain only the sound in that language. Another speakers, for example, often fill their pauses with the vowel sound that starts their word for egg, oeuf, -a sound that doesn't occur in English.
In conclusion, knowing the sound system of a language includes more than knowing the inventory of sounds, it includes knowing which sounds may start a word, and end a word, and follow each other. It can be arranged from the collection of letters. This means you have already got linguistic knowledge in your mind, and you know how to start and end those words and also know the meaning of words.
Another example, the name of a former president Ghana was Nkrumah, pronounced with an initial sound identical to the sound ending the english word sing(for most American). Most speakers english mispronounce it (by Ghanaian standard) by inserting a short vowel before or after the n sound. Similarly, the first name of the Australian mystery write, Ngaio Marsh, is usually mispronounced in this way. These errors are caused by "no word in english starts with the ng sound.
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