"What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one? ""I don't know." Said Alice.. "I lost count." "I can not do addition, "The Red Queen interrupted.
Speaker's linguistic knowledge permits them to form longer and longer sentences by koining sentences and phrases together or adding modifiers to a noun. Whether you stop at three, five pr eighteen adjectives, it is inpossible, but they are highly improbable. Evidently, there is a differnce between having the knowledge necessary to produce sentences of a language, and apllying this knowledge. There is a difference between what you know, which is linguistic competence, and the way this knowledge is used in actual speech production and comprehension, which is your linguistic performance.
Speakers of all language have the knowledge to understand or produce sentences of any length. When they attempt to use that knowledge, though - when they perform linguistically - there are physiological and psychological reasons that limit the number of adjectives, adverb, clauses and so on. They may run out of breath, their audience may leave, they may lose track of what they have said, and of course, no one lives forever.
When we speak, we usually wish to convey some message. At some stage in the act of producing speech, we must organize our thoughts into strings of words. Sometimes the message is garbled. We may stammer, or pause, or produce slips of the tongue. We may even sounds like Tarzan in the cartoon, who illustrate the difference between linguistic knowledge and the way we use tht knowledge in performance.
For the most part, linguistic knowledge is not conscious knowledge. The linguistic system - the sounds d structures,meaning,words and rules for putting them all together - is learned subconsciously with no awarness that rules are being learned. Just as may not be conscious of the principles that allow us to stand or walk, we are unware of the rules of language. Our ability to speak and understand, and to make a judgements about grammaticality of sentences, reveals our knowledge of the rules of our language. This knowledge represents a complex cognitive system. The nature of this system is what this book is all about.
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